INTRODUCTION: Burnout among nursing professionals has garnered significant international attention in recent years, largely due to its profound implications for nurse well-being, patient satisfaction, and the overall effectiveness of healthcare systems. This phenomenon underscores the urgent necessity for implementing comprehensive strategies to mitigate burnout and promote the well-being of nursing staff. This study examines the prevalence of Burnout Syndrome among nurses in Indonesia and Taiwan using a cross-sectional study approach.
METHODS: The research employs a quantitative method, utilising a questionnaire to collect data and SEM-PLS software to conduct validity tests. The study encompasses 1.327 respondents from Indonesia and 312 respondents from Taiwan. The survey identifies three variables to measure burnout syndrome in nurses: depersonalisation, emotional exhaustion, and personal achievement.
RESULTS: The findings indicate that high levels of depersonalisation, significant emotional exhaustion, and relatively low personal achievement all contribute to the Burnout Syndrome experienced by nurses in both countries. The R-squared value for Indonesia is 36.8%, while Taiwan's is 46.1%. This suggests that the interpretation of the Burnout Syndrome can be categorised as moderate.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The research indicates that the regression model, including independent variables such as depersonalisation, emotional exhaustion, and personal achievement, can explain most of the variations in Burnout Syndrome in nurses in both countries, although not optimally. The study concludes that the results related to Burnout Syndrome in nurses in Indonesia and Taiwan can impact the quality of patient services.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of the study was to determine sleep quality and perceived stress levels in medical students and to develop recommendations for this purpose.
METHODS: There were a total of 1466 students enrolled during the study. A 43-question questionnaire including a sociodemographic data form, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Perceived Stress Scale scales was applied to 1217 students (83% of all students).
RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 21.64 years (±2.26 years), with 56.4% of the participants being female and 43.6% male. The study revealed that 41.2% of the students surveyed reported good sleep quality, while 58.8% indicated poor sleep quality. 6th-grade students' good sleep quality was statistically significantly higher than the other grades (p<0.001). Poor sleep quality was found to be significantly higher in students who smoked and drank alcohol than in those who did not (p<0.05). As indicated by the Perceived Stress Scale, 0.9% of the participants exhibited no stress, 41.2% demonstrated low stress, 53.2% displayed moderate stress, and 4.7% displayed high stress. Female students had significantly higher perceived stress levels and poor sleep quality than male students (p<0.05). Among the students, the perceived stress level of those who used alcohol and did not do physical activity was statistically significantly higher (p<0.05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Medical students have high levels of psychological stress and poor sleep quality due to long and intensive working hours, challenging exam load, life disorganisation, and patient management responsibilities.

INTRODUCTION: Pregnancy and postpartum are processes that open to complications, not only gynecological & obstetric but also psychiatric complications are quite risky during the first months. Untreated Postpartum Depression (PPD) is a condition that may lead to mortality. Our aim with this study was to detect the relationship between sociodemographic information, and hemoglobin levels of postpartum women, with PPD levels.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 250 women who were in their postpartum period and admitted to the Ankara City Hospital for 2 months. Volunteers were subjected to a sociodemographic characteristics survey, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and their hemoglobin values were recorded.
RESULTS: The prevalence of PPD was found to be 22.8%. The risk of depression is higher in younger mothers (p=0.042). There was a significant relationship between a low educational level and depression scores (p=0.020). The depression risk groups exhibited statistically significant relationships concerning spousal support during (p=0.007) and after (p=0.009) pregnancy. The risk of PPD is lower in women who receive spousal support. The EPDS score increased as hemoglobin levels decreased (p<0.001, r=-0.266). Mothers without depression risk had higher average breastfeeding numbers than others (p<0.01).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Young age, early marriage, lack of education associated with high EPDS scores, spousal support during pregnancy and postpartum, breastfeeding practices and frequency, and high hemoglobin levels were found to have significant relationships with low EPDS scores.

INTRODUCTION: The ability to figure out emotions very quickly while interacting and reacting appropriately is essential for acceptable social behavior. This study assessed the effect of social anxiety level on emotion recognition in facial expressions in a large cross-sectional case population, without a time limitation to avoid the negative effect of reaction time.
METHODS: The data collection tools involved the sociodemographic characteristics data form, the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (BFNE), the Brief Social Phobia Scale (BSPS), and the Emotion Identification Test from Facial Expressions.
RESULTS: A total of 641 university students with a mean age of 21.36 ± 2.98 years participated in the study. There was a positive correlation between the BFNE and BSPS and its subdimensions. The BFNE had a negative relationship with the neutral emotion. There was a positive correlation between the BSPS and the feeling of disgust. There was a significant difference between individuals with high social anxiety and individuals with low social anxiety in recognizing anger and disgust emotions. There was no difference between the socially anxious groups and non-socially anxious groups in the overall misclassification of identifying facial expressions. Individuals with high social anxiety had a significantly higher fear of being negatively evaluated than those with low social anxiety.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Considering that facial expressions convey basic social information, understanding the interpretation of facial expressions is important for understanding social anxiety. Therefore, comprehensively understanding face recognition-oriented biases will guide future intervention strategies through cognitive processing in social anxiety.

INTRODUCTION: Onychomycosis is the most common disease of the nail treated commonly with oral antifungals mainly with terbinafine, itraconazole, and fluconazole. Given concerns regarding the potential hepatotoxic effects of systemic antifungal therapy, our study aims to investigate the hepatic safety profile of terbinafine in patients with onychomycosis.
METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out at our dermatology clinic between October 2024 and February 2025. 150 patients (aged 18–65 years) with onychomycosis, who underwent liver function tests before and after two months of terbinafine (250 mg daily) treatment were included. Patients with known renal, liver, biliary, or pancreatic diseases, abnormal baseline liver function tests, or potential drug interactions were excluded. Aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) were analyzed. P-values < 0.05 are considered as a level of significance.
RESULTS: 52 (34.7%) of the patients were female 98 (65.3%) were male, and the mean age was 48.53 ± 7.85 years. The mean age for females was 49.38 ± 7.73 years and 48.07 ± 7.91 years for males (p = 0.329). The mean ALT values were 30.74 ± 11.94 IU/L pre-treatment and 32.41 ± 12.15 IU/L post-treatment (p = 0.169). AST values were 26.45 ± 10.46 IU/L pre-treatment and 28.17 ± 8.60 IU/L post-treatment (p = 0.055), while GGT levels were 35.21 ± 13.65 IU/L pre-treatment and 35.87 ± 13.35 IU/L post-treatment (p = 0.084).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: After two months of treatment, oral terbinafine did not cause significant alterations in laboratory values among patients with onychomycosis. Based on our limited patient sample and short follow-up duration, baseline liver function testing may not be necessary in otherwise healthy patients; however, further prospective studies are needed to confirm this finding.

INTRODUCTION: In our retrospective study, we tried to determine whether cervical smear screening is necessary in patients over 65 years of age by comparing the cytological and histological results of patients over 65 years of age.
METHODS: A retrospective review of the cytological and histological results of 3465 patients over the age of 65 who underwent cervical cytology between September 2017 and September 2022 was conducted.
RESULTS: It was established that 547 of the 3,361 patients with normal Pap smear results had irregular screening follow-ups, while 2,814 patients were undergoing regular follow-ups following the screening program. Of the 104 patients with abnormal Pap smear results, 54 had irregular follow-ups and 50 had regular screening. Among the 601 patients aged 65 and above who did not undergo regular cervical screening, 8.98% exhibited abnormal smear results and 3.16% displayed abnormal histological findings.When abnormal Pap-Smear results and abnormal biopsy results were analyzed, it was found to be significantly higher in women over 65 years of age without regular follow-up. (p<0.001),(p<0.05)
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Significant differences were observed in the frequency of abnormal smear results and the severity of diagnosis in women over 65 years of age who were followed up irregularly in line with the cervical cancer screening program compared to those who were followed up regularly. The results of our study indicate that the screening cut-off age should be revised for patients with irregular cervical screening to reduce the incidence of cervical cancer and precursor lesions.

INTRODUCTION: Hypomagnesemia is a serum magnesium (Mg+2) level of <1.8 mg/dl. Hospitalized or critically ill patients are at risk of hypomagnesemia. In the literature, studies on this subject have only been conducted in intensive care units. Therefore, in our study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between serum magnesium levels and infection status in patients with hypomagnesemia admitted to an oncology palliative care center.
METHODS: The age, cancer type, infection status, and biochemical values of 211 patients admitted to the Oncology Palliative Care Service between 01/01/2022 and 31/12/2022 were retrospectively examined. In cases with suspected infection, tests requested by an infectious disease specialist were performed, and according to the results, patients diagnosed with various infections and started on antibiotics were included in the infected group. Data were analyzed using SPSS 25. P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was determined as 63.41±12.38 years. The mean magnesium (Mg+2) level was measured as 1.82±0.28 mg/dl. Infection was diagnosed in 55.5% of the patients and the most common infection was urinary system infection. It was observed that Mg+2 value was significantly lower in patients with infection than in those without infection (p<0.001). While the frequency of infection was 81.1% in patients with low serum Mg+2 levels, this rate was found to be 29.5% in those without low serum Mg+2 levels.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The statistical relationship observed between hypomagnesemia and infection status in our screened cancer patients suggests that there is a connection between the inflammatory changes caused by the infection and the patient's magnesium levels.

Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and Vitamin D insufficiency (VDI) in children in Southeast Asia (SEA) pose significant public health concerns, impacting growth and non-skeletal health. This study aimed to (1) assess the prevalence of inadequate Vitamin D levels among children under five years in SEA and (2) identify associated risk factors. A meta-analysis was conducted, systematically reviewing articles from ProQuest, EBSCO, and PubMed (January 2013–October 2024). Inclusion criteria encompassed original, English-language, cross-sectional studies focusing on children under five years with documented serum 25(OH)D levels. Studies conducted outside SEA, lacking full text, addressing irrelevant topics, or containing insufficient data were excluded. Statistical analysis employed the DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model, with 95% CI calculated using the Clopper-Pearson method. A total of 13 cross-sectional studies from Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, Cambodia, and Vietnam were included, with a combined sample size of 4,321 subjects. The prevalence of VDD among children under five years in SEA was 35% (95% CI, 24%-45%; I2, 98.15%), and VDI was found in 34% (25%-44%; I2, 89.67%). The mean serum vitamin D level (nmol/L) was 57.97 (48.83–67.10; I2, 99.99%). Maternal VDD or VDI was found to be associated with inadequate Vitamin D levels among children under five years in SEA, with a Pooled Odds Ratio of 4.25 (95% CI: 1.76–6.74; I2 =87.57%). This study underscores the high prevalence of inadequate Vitamin D levels among children under five in SEA, highlighting the urgent need for targeted public health interventions to mitigate this growing concern.