A Review of Protective and Risk Factors Affecting Psychosocial Health of Healthcare Workers in Pandemics

Enli Tuncay, Fatma; Koyuncu, Engin; �zel, �ule

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A Review of Protective and Risk Factors Affecting Psychosocial Health of Healthcare Workers in Pandemics [Ankara Med J]

Ankara Med J. 2020; 20(2): 488-504 | DOI: 10.5505/amj.2020.02418

A Review of Protective and Risk Factors Affecting Psychosocial Health of Healthcare Workers in Pandemics

Fatma Enli Tuncay¹, Engin Koyuncu², �ule �zel³
¹Ankara City Hospital, Maternity Hospital, MSW, Ankara
²Ankara City Hospital, Dept of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, MD, Assoc. Prof., Ankara
³Ankara City Hospital, Maternity Hospital, MD, Assoc. Prof., Ankara

In pandemics, work load and stress levels increase significantly for healthcare systems in general and healthcare professionals in particular. Long working hours, difficult working environment conditions, the increase in the expectations and concerns of the society together with the number of patients, and the risks of getting infected themselves affect the overall psychosocial functionality and resilience of healthcare workers. In these periods, there is a need to work on protective and risk factors in order to provide supportive psychosocial services and programs for healthcare workers considering their increased risk of vulnerability levels. This review aims to review the protective and risk factors affecting the psychosocial health of healthcare workers during pandemics, based on literature information about recent outbreaks (SARS, MERS-CoV and mostly Covid-19 examples). The examination was limited to studies in which psychosocial variables were evaluated. Healthcare professionals may show the symptoms of psychiatric diorders such as anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder and burnout at a higher level in pandemics than the general population. Studies examining the psychosocial aspects of pandemics have shown that women and nurses are more affected. Adequate hygienic conditions, access to protective equipment, balanced working�resting hours, social and emotional support relationships between work teams and supportive services from management units are among the protective factors. In order to protect the psychosocial health of healthcare workers, they should be protected against stigmatization and socially supported.

Keywords: Pandemic, health care workers, employee health, psychosocial factors, covid-19

Pandemilerde Sa�l�k �al��anlar�n�n Psikososyal Sa�l��n� Etkileyen Koruyucu ve Risk Fakt�rlerine �li�kin Bir Derleme

Fatma Enli Tuncay¹, Engin Koyuncu², �ule �zel³
¹Ankara �ehir Hastanesi, Kad�n Do�um Hastanesi, Uzman Sosyal �al��mac�, Ankara
²Ankara �ehir Hastanesi, Fiziksel T�p ve Rehabilitasyon Klini�i, Do�. Dr., Ankara
³Ankara �ehir Hastanesi, Kad�n Do�um Hastanesi, Do�. Dr., Ankara

Pandemilerde genelde sa�l�k sistemleri, �zelde ise sa�l�k profesyonelleri i�in �al��ma y�k� ve stresi belirgin derecede artar. Uzun mesai saatleri, a��rla�an �al��ma ortam� ko�ullar�, hasta say�s�yla birlikte toplumun beklenti ve kayg�lar�ndaki �o�alma ve de �al��anlar�n kendilerinin hastalanma riskleri bir b�t�n olarak sa�l�k �al��anlar�n�n genel psikososyal i�levselli�ine ve dayan�kl�l��na etkide bulunur. Bu d�nemlerde psikolojik incinebilirlik riski artan �al��anlara y�nelik destekleyici psikososyal hizmet ve programlar�n sunulabilmesi i�in koruyucu fakt�rler ve risk fakt�rleri �zerinde �al��ma ihtiyac� do�maktad�r. Bu derlemenin amac�, pandemi d�nemlerinde sa�l�k �al��anlar�n�n psikososyal sa�l��n� etkileyen koruyucu fakt�rlerin ve risk fakt�rlerinin, yak�n d�nem salg�nlarla ilgili (SARS, MERS�CoV ve �o�unlukla Covid�19 �rneklerinde) literat�r bilgilerine dayal� olarak g�zden ge�irilmesidir. �nceleme, psikososyal de�i�kenlerin de�erlendirildi�i ara�t�rmalarla s�n�rland�r�larak yap�lm��t�r. Sa�l�k �al��anlar� pandemilerde, anksiyete, depresyon, travma sonras� stres bozuklu�u gibi psikiyatrik bozukluklar� ve t�kenmi�lik gibi belirtileri toplumun geneline g�re daha y�ksek d�zeyde g�sterebilmektedir. Pandemilerin psikososyal y�nlerini inceleyen �al��malara g�re, kad�nlar ve hem�ireler daha fazla etkilenmektedirler. Hijyen ko�ullar�n�n uygunlu�u, koruyucu ekipmanlara yeterli eri�im, dengeli �al��ma�dinlenme saatleri, pandemi ekip �yeleri aras�ndaki sosyal ve duygusal destek ili�kileri ve y�netim birimlerinden sa�lanan destekleyici hizmetler koruyucu fakt�rler aras�ndad�r. Sa�l�k �al��anlar�n�n stigmatizasyona kar�� korunmas� ve toplumsal olarak desteklenmesi psikososyal sa�l�klar�n� korumada etkili olacakt�r.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Pandemi, sa�l�k �al��anlar�, �al��an sa�l��, psikososyal fakt�rler, covid-19

Corresponding Author: Fatma Enli Tuncay, T�rkiye
Manuscript Language: Turkish

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A Review of Protective and Risk Factors Affecting Psychosocial Health of Healthcare Workers in Pandemics

Pandemilerde Sa�l�k �al��anlar�n�n Psikososyal Sa�l���n� Etkileyen Koruyucu ve Risk Fakt�rlerine �li�kin Bir Derleme

Pandemilerde Sa�l�k �al��anlar�n�n Psikososyal Sa�l��n� Etkileyen Koruyucu ve Risk Fakt�rlerine �li�kin Bir Derleme